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语法系列

语法系列

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(一)表示能力

can/could

1.can表示与生俱来的能力或客观可能性,还可表示请求和允许

2.在疑问句中,用could可表示请求,语气较委婉

3.表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度(主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中)

例如Can this be true?

4.can never/can't ...too表示“无论怎样..也不过分”

例如You can't be too careful while crossing

the road.你过马路的时候再小心也不为过

5.can  not+比较级=最高级

I can't find a better place.

(二)表示义务

语气由弱到强:ought to/should→ have to →must

(三)表示可能性

语气由弱到强might→may→could(can)→should→ought to→will→must

must

1.must表示肯定的猜测,译为“一定”不用于否定句或疑问句,mustn't表示“禁止”

2.表示“坚持”,常用于固定句式:(责备意味)

if you must do sth.如果你非得要做某事

(四)表示允许

may/might:

1.表示许可。表请求、允许时,might比may的语气更委婉些

2.用于祈使句中表示祝愿

May you succeed.

3.表示推测、可能(只用于肯定句)

(五)表示提出要求

正式由弱到强:will→can→could→would

(六)表示提出建议

1.shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方意见、向对方请示或提供帮助

2.shall用于第二、第三人称,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁

(七)表示提供帮助

will/would:

1.表示请求、建议等,would比will委婉客气

常用:wuold you like

2.表示意志、愿望和决心

3.表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性,翻译为“经常、总是”

(八)表示提出意见

should

1.表示劝告、建议、命令,同义词ought to,

在疑问句中通常用should代替ought to

2.用于第一人称时可表示说话人一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气

3.should表示意外或惊讶,翻译为“居然”

4.表示猜测时,指按经验或逻辑判断,翻译成“按说应该”

(九)“情态动词+have done”的用法

①must  have done对过去某事的十分肯定猜测

②may/might have done对过去某事的可能性猜测

③can't/couldn't have done对过去某事的否定猜测

④should/ought to have done过去应该做而未做

⑤shouldn't/oughtn't to have done过去不应该做而实际上做了

⑥needn't have done本没有必要做的事实际却做了

⑦could have done本来能够做的事(有能力做)实际却未做到

(十)可兼做行为动词的情态动词

need和dare

1.情态动词(+动词原形)

①无人称和数的变化

②尤其用于:a.否定句及疑问句中

b.在if/whether之后

c.与hardly,never,no one,nobody连用

③常以needn't和daren't的形式出现

④dare有其过去时dared

2.行为动词:多用于肯定句

(sb.)need/dare to do

(sth.)need to be done

(sth.)need doing

(十一)表示否定的情态动词的用法

mustn't不准,禁止

needn't没必要(=don't have to)

can't不能;不可能

may not不可以;可能不

shouldn't不应该(=ought not to)

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田珊珊 · 2020-02-28 · 情态动词 0

强调句

1.结构:It is/was +强调部分 +that(who)+其他成分

【注意点】

①主谓一致:被强调部分做主语时,形式与谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致

例如It is your father who is wrong this time.

② 人称照应:强调主语用主格,强调宾语用宾格

例如It wak her whom I saw in the street.宾格

It is I who am wrong.主格

③问句形式:

一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调成分+that+句子其他成分+?

Is it the dictionary that you are looking for?

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子其他成分+?

What is it that you want me to do?

④当强调not...until结构时,必须将not until连用,后面接肯定式

It was not until at that time that I realized

what trouble he was in.

2.强调句型的判断

把“It is/was....that”去掉,剩余部分句子结构仍然完整,那就是强调句;如果不完整,那就不是强调句

3.强调句型高考考点

①强调句型与定语从句合用,增加试题迷惑性

例如It was on the day when he joined the Party that he was killed.

②强调句型与宾语从句合用,强调句型用于宾语从句

4.It be ...that...句型不能强调谓语部分,若要强调谓语,须在谓语动词原型前面加上助动词do,did,does,有人称、数、时态的变化

例如He did tell me the news.

5.用副词really still even强调

It was hot yesterday,but it is even hotter today.

6.用倒装表示强调

Only in this way can he solve the problem

 

 

 

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倒装语序(谓+主)

(一)完全倒装

完全倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时

1. There be句型及其变体

There be (live/stand/ lie/ seem/ happen/appear…)完全倒装

2. 句首有表示地点,方位或时间的副词(这类副词有here up、down 、 in 、out 、off 、away 、now 、 then 等) ,此时谓语动词常用come, go,  run, rush,jump等,主语为名词

例如Now comes your turn 现在轮到你了

【注意】如果主语为人称代词,则不需要倒装。在完全倒装中一般不用进行时态,而是一般现在时或一般过去时

3.表地点的介词短语位于句首,完全倒装

例如In front of my house stands a tree

4.主系表→表系主

表语用的形容词现在/过去分词、介词

短语位于句首,句子完全倒装,以达到强调、

句式平衡或上下文衔接紧密的目的

例如Growing on the hill are varieties of flowers and plants

部分倒装

把be/助动词/情态动词 提前到主语的前面

Is am are was were

 do does did

 can could would may will might 等

1.only所修饰的副词介词短语状语从句放在句首时, 要进行部分倒装

例如Only then did I realize the importance of learning English

【注意】only修饰主语,仍用自然语序,如:Only socialism can save China

2. 否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时,常见的有:

in no way,in no case,by no means,on no account, at no time, under no circumstances(决不,无论如何都不)

not only…but also, never, little, rarely, seldom, hardly(几乎不,几乎没有), no sooner…than,hardly (scarcely)…when, not until

【注意1】not until 引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装(主倒从不倒)

例如Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework

【注意2】not only…but also(只倒前面)

(前倒后不倒​)

例如Not only is Lu Xun a great writer, but also a great thinker

3.  If 虚拟条件从句中.从句有(were/should/

had)

例如If I were you, I would work hard变为

Were I you, I would work hard.

4.so/such…that  前倒后不倒

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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简单句基本句型实例

主语+不及物动词(主+谓)

She came./My head aches.

主语+及物动词+宾语(主+谓+宾)

She likes English.

主语+系动词+表语(主+系+表)

She is happy.

主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(主+谓+双宾)

She gave John a book.

She bought a book for me.

主语+宾补动词+宾语+宾语补语(主+谓+宾+宾补)

She makes her mother angry.

They find it difficult

句型转换(引导词):1.They are good doctors.He told us.——He told us that they were good doctors.

2.He fact that he hadn't said anything at the meeting surprised us.

总结:当从句原来是陈述句时,变成名词性从句用that引导。

3.Does your sister get up early?Do you know?——Do you know it/whether your sisiter gets up early?

4.Do animals have the same senses as humans?I often wonder .——I often wonder if/whether animals have the same senses as humans.

总结:当从句原来是一般疑问句时,变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。

5.When did he buy this new bike?Could you tell me?——Could you tell me when he bought this new bike?

6.My question is this:where will the lecture be given ?/My question is where the lecture will be given.

总结:当从句原来是特殊疑问句时,变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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授课教师

学生动态

王义帆 开始学习课时 情态动词
王义帆 开始学习课时 特殊句式之倒装句
王义帆 开始学习课时 特殊句式之强调句
王义帆 开始学习课时 虚拟语气2
王义帆 开始学习课时 虚拟语气 1
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